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Cogito and the History of Madness
"Cogito and the History of Madness" is a paper by Jacques Derrida that critically responds to Michel Foucault's book the ''History of Madness''.〔Derrida, Jacques, 1978. "Cogito and the History of Madness" from ''Writing and Difference'' trans. Alan Bass. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 36–76.〕 In this paper, Derrida questions the intentions and feasibility of Foucault's book, particularly in relation to the historical importance attributed by Foucault to the treatment of madness by Descartes in the ''Meditations on First Philosophy''. Derrida's paper began a high profile exchange between Derrida and Foucault as well as a considerable amount of attention from scholars.〔Boyne, R., 1990. Foucault and Derrida: The other side of reason. London: Unwin Hyman. p. 1.〕 Foucault responded directly to Derrida in an appendix added to the 1972 edition of the ''History of Madness'' titled "My body, this paper, this fire." Derrida again considered Foucault's 1961 text on madness with "To do Justice to Freud: The History of madness in the age of psychoanalysis" in 1991. The exchange between Derrida and Foucault was sometimes acrimonious and it is said that "the two writers stopped communicating for ten years."〔Khalfa, J., 2006. "Introduction" from M. Foucault ''History of Madness''. Translated by J. Murphy and J. Khalfa. Edited by J. Khalfa. London and New York: Routledge. p. xxiii.〕 Commentators on the exchange include Shoshana Felman, Gayatri Spivak, Geoffrey Bennington, Slavoj Žižek, Edward Saïd, Rémi Brague, Manfred Frank, and Christopher Norris.
It had been stated that Derrida first used the neologism ''différance'' in "Cogito and the History of Madness",〔"Schultz, W.R. & Fried, L.B., 1992. Jacques Derrida: An Annotated Primary and Secondary Bibliography. London & New York: Garland."〕 but more recent research has called this into question.〔James, Seferin. 2011. "Derrida, Foucault and 'Madness, the absence of an œurvre'" in ''Meta: Research in Hermeneutics, Phenomenology and Practical Philosophy'' Vol. 3(2). pp. 380-381.〕
==Presentation and Publication==
Derrida presented the paper “Cogito and the History of Madness” at the ''Collège Philosophique'' in 1963. Derrida sent a letter inviting Foucault to attend this presentation.〔Foucault, M., 1994. Dits et Écrits 1954–1988, vol. I: 1954–1969. Edited by D. Defert, F. Ewald, J. Lagrange. Paris: Gallimard. p. 26.〕 The paper was subsequently published in the ''Revue de métaphysique et de morale'' in 1963 with the addition of a short passage inserted between brackets. Additional notes to the paper were published in the next issue of the ''Revue de métaphysique et de morale'' in 1964. The paper was subject to a further revision for its inclusion in the 1967 collection ''L'écriture et la différence''. The paper was translated into English by Alan Bass in 1978 as part of ''Writing and Difference''.
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